// glossary

The terms behind the technology news, explained.

115 plain-language definitions, each tied to the news topic it belongs to and to the sources it was compiled from.

8

800-volt architecture (EVs): An 800-volt architecture is an electric vehicle design in which the battery pack and drive system run at roughly 800 volts. That is about twice the 400 volts that has been the norm for EVs. The higher voltage lets a car accept more charging power with less current and heat. Batteries & EVs

A

Advanced chip packaging (CoWoS): Advanced chip packaging places several chips close together in one package, with the aim of making them work like a single large chip. CoWoS, short for Chip on Wafer on Substrate, is TSMC's version and is widely used for AI processors. AI Chips & Semiconductors
Agentic AI: Agentic AI refers to software built around AI models that can plan a task and carry it out. It does this by taking actions through software tools, such as writing code or managing email, with limited step-by-step direction from a person. AI Agents
AI alignment: AI alignment is the work of getting AI systems to pursue the goals and respect the values that people actually intend. The aim is that they do not develop objectives or behaviors their developers and users never wanted. AI Policy & Safety
AI coding agent: An AI coding agent is a software tool built on a large language model that carries out programming tasks with some autonomy. It reads a codebase, edits files, runs commands and tests, and revises its work until the task is done. AI Agents
AI compute: AI compute is the computing power used to train and run artificial intelligence systems. It comes from specialized chips housed in data centers, and several governments now plan for it as a national resource. Sovereign AI
AI exposure (of occupations): AI exposure is a measure of how much of an occupation's work artificial intelligence could perform or speed up. It describes the overlap between job tasks and AI capabilities, not whether those jobs will be lost. AI & Jobs
AI gigafactory: An AI gigafactory is a very large computing facility for developing, training and running very large AI models. A 2026 European Union regulation defines the term, and the EU describes the sites it plans as led by industry. Sovereign AI
AI hallucination: An AI hallucination is output from a generative AI system that is stated confidently but is false, made up or unsupported by the source material. The U.S. standards agency NIST calls the phenomenon confabulation. AI Models
AI medical scribe: An AI medical scribe is software that listens to a conversation between a clinician and a patient. It transcribes the conversation and drafts the clinical note for the visit. The clinician is expected to review and correct the draft before it becomes part of the medical record. AI in Medicine
AI red teaming: AI red teaming is adversarial testing in which people or automated tools deliberately attack an AI system. The goal is to uncover weaknesses, unsafe behavior and ways it could be misused, so that developers can address them. AI Policy & Safety
AI washing: AI washing is the practice of overstating or misrepresenting the role of artificial intelligence. In the jobs context, it means blaming AI for layoffs that an employer would have made anyway for other reasons. AI & Jobs
Augmentation vs automation: Augmentation means AI helps people do their work better or do things they could not do before. Automation means AI performs a task in place of a person. The same tool can be used either way, and economists tie the balance to AI's effect on jobs. AI & Jobs

B

Battery electric vehicle (BEV): A battery electric vehicle (BEV) is a car or truck powered only by electricity stored in a rechargeable battery pack that is charged by plugging in. It has no gasoline or diesel engine, which sets it apart from a plug-in hybrid (PHEV). Batteries & EVs
Battery energy density: Battery energy density is the amount of energy a battery stores relative to its weight or size. It is given in watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) or watt-hours per liter (Wh/L). Higher figures mean more range or runtime from a lighter, smaller battery. Batteries & EVs
Behind-the-meter power: Behind-the-meter power is electricity generated on the customer's side of the utility meter, usually at or next to the site that uses it. For a data center, it means drawing on an on-site power plant instead of relying only on electricity delivered by the grid. AI Data Centers & Power

C

Clinical decision support: Clinical decision support (CDS) is software that gives clinicians, and sometimes patients, timely and patient-specific information to help them make decisions about care. Examples include alerts, reminders and risk scores. AI in Medicine
Clinical trial phases: Clinical trial phases are the numbered stages of testing a new drug or vaccine in people. Each phase generally enrolls more participants than the last and answers a different question, from basic safety to whether the treatment works. AI in Biotech
Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA): A Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) is a large, jet-powered, uncrewed military aircraft designed to fly alongside crewed fighter jets. The U.S. Air Force describes it as semi-autonomous, with software that takes direction from human pilots. Defense Tech & Drones
Computer use (AI agents): Computer use is an AI capability in which a model operates software the way a person does. It looks at screenshots of the screen, then moves the pointer, clicks and types to carry out a task one step at a time. AI Agents
Context window: A context window is the maximum amount of text, counted in tokens, that an AI language model can consider at one time. It includes the prompt, attached files, the conversation so far and the reply the model is writing. AI Models
Counter-drone systems (C-UAS): Counter-drone systems are the sensors and weapons used to detect, track and stop hostile or unauthorized drones. Known as C-UAS, for counter-unmanned aircraft systems, they range from handheld jammers to lasers and interceptor missiles. Defense Tech & Drones
CRISPR gene editing: CRISPR gene editing is a technology that lets scientists change DNA at a chosen location in a living cell. A guide molecule made of RNA leads a cutting protein, most often Cas9, to a matching DNA sequence. The genetic code can then be altered there. AI in Biotech
Custom AI chip (ASIC): A custom AI chip is a processor designed around one company's artificial intelligence workloads instead of being sold as a general-purpose part. Engineers call this kind of chip an application-specific integrated circuit, or ASIC. AI Chips & Semiconductors

D

Data center liquid cooling: Data center liquid cooling removes heat from servers with a circulating liquid instead of relying only on chilled air. The liquid flows through cold plates mounted on the chips, or the hardware is submerged in a fluid that does not conduct electricity. AI Data Centers & Power
Data localization: Data localization is a legal requirement that certain data be stored or processed inside a particular country or region. The strictest versions also prohibit sending that data abroad. Sovereign AI
Data sovereignty: Data sovereignty is the ability of a country, organization or community to control who can access and use its data, and under whose laws. It is broader than data residency, which describes only where data is physically stored. Sovereign AI
De novo protein design: De novo protein design is the practice of creating proteins from scratch on a computer instead of modifying ones found in nature. Designers pick a target shape or function, then work out an amino acid sequence that should produce it. AI in Biotech
De-risking (trade policy): De-risking is a trade and security policy of reducing dependence on one country, in practice chiefly China. It applies to sensitive areas such as critical minerals and advanced technology, without cutting off trade and investment more broadly. US-China Tech Race
Deepfake: A deepfake is a video, image or audio recording that has been created or altered with artificial intelligence so that it looks or sounds real. Many deepfakes imitate a real person's face or voice. AI & Cybersecurity
Degrees of freedom (robotics): In robotics, degrees of freedom (DOF) are the independent ways a machine can move. The count equals the smallest set of numbers, such as joint angles, needed to describe where every part of the robot is. Humanoid Robots
Demand response: Demand response is a temporary cut or shift in electricity use by customers when the grid is short of supply or prices are high. Customers usually get payment or lower bills in exchange. Google has announced agreements with utilities to provide it at some of its data centers. AI Data Centers & Power
Deuterium-tritium fuel (D-T): Deuterium-tritium fuel is a mix of two heavy forms of hydrogen. Most approaches to fusion power favor it, because it fuses at lower temperatures and releases more energy than other fuels. Tritium is radioactive and rare. Nuclear & Fusion
Direct-to-cell satellite service: Direct-to-cell satellite service links ordinary, unmodified mobile phones straight to satellites, typically on spectrum the phones already use. This lets people send messages or get basic coverage where no cell tower reaches. Space Tech
Directed-energy weapon: A directed-energy weapon uses a focused beam of electromagnetic energy instead of a bullet or missile to disable, damage or destroy a target. Such beams include high-energy lasers and high-powered microwaves. Defense Tech & Drones
Disengagement (autonomous vehicles): A disengagement is a moment when a test vehicle's self-driving mode is switched off because the technology failed or safe operation required it, typically with a human taking control. California required companies testing on its roads to report these events until 2026. Robotaxis & Self-Driving
Drug target: A drug target is a molecule in the body, most often a protein, that a medicine acts on to produce its effect. Drug developers choose a target they believe plays a role in a disease. They then look for a compound that changes how that target behaves. AI in Biotech
Dual-use technology: Dual-use technology is any product, software or know-how that has ordinary civilian uses but can also serve military purposes or help build weapons of mass destruction. Governments control its export through item lists and licensing rules. US-China Tech Race

E

Earth observation: Earth observation is the gathering of information about the planet's land, oceans and atmosphere. It mainly uses remote sensing instruments on satellites and aircraft, often combined with measurements taken on the ground, at sea or in the air. AI in Space
Entity List: The Entity List is a U.S. Commerce Department list. It names foreign parties reasonably believed to be, or at significant risk of becoming, involved in activities contrary to U.S. national security or foreign policy. Exporters need a license to send them the items an entry names. US-China Tech Race
Environmental impact assessment (EIA): An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a formal study of how a proposed project is likely to affect its surroundings. It is done before the project is approved or built, and the public can usually comment on it. AI Data Centers & Power
EUV lithography: EUV lithography is a chipmaking process that uses extreme ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 13.5 nanometers to print the finest circuit patterns onto silicon wafers. It is used to make the most advanced logic and memory chips. AI Chips & Semiconductors
EV battery recycling: EV battery recycling is the process of collecting lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles, along with scrap from battery factories, and breaking them down. The process then recovers metals such as lithium, nickel and cobalt for use in new batteries. Batteries & EVs
Extended reality (XR): Extended reality (XR) is an umbrella term for technologies that blend digital content with the physical world or replace the user's view of it. It covers virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR). Gadgets & Wearables

F

FDA 510(k) clearance: FDA 510(k) clearance is a US pathway that lets a medical device go on sale. The Food and Drug Administration must first agree it is substantially equivalent to a device already legally marketed. Most AI-enabled medical devices have used this route. AI in Medicine
Foreign direct product rule: The foreign direct product rule is a U.S. export control on certain items produced outside the United States. It makes them subject to U.S. export regulations when they are made with specified American technology or software, or with equipment derived from it. US-China Tech Race
Frontier AI model: A frontier AI model is one of the most capable general-purpose AI models available at a given time. The term has no single agreed definition, and recent US state laws identify these models by the computing power used to train them. AI Policy & Safety
Full-time equivalent (FTE): A full-time equivalent (FTE) is a unit that expresses an amount of work as a number of full-time jobs. One full-time employee counts as one FTE, and two half-time employees together also count as one. It measures workload, not the number of people. AI & Jobs
Fusion ignition: Fusion ignition is the point at which a fusion reaction heats its own fuel faster than the fuel loses heat, so the burn sustains itself. In laser experiments it is commonly reported as getting more fusion energy out than the lasers delivered. Nuclear & Fusion

G

General-purpose AI model (GPAI): A general-purpose AI model is an AI model that can competently perform a wide range of different tasks and can be built into many downstream products. It is a legal category in the EU AI Act, which sets duties for the companies that provide such models. AI Policy & Safety
Geofencing (autonomous vehicles): In autonomous driving, geofencing means restricting a self-driving vehicle to a defined geographic area. Robotaxi operators use it to keep driverless cars within the places where the system is designed and permitted to operate. Robotaxis & Self-Driving
Gigawatt-hour (GWh): A gigawatt-hour (GWh) is a unit of energy equal to one gigawatt of power sustained for one hour, or one million kilowatt-hours. It is used to state how much energy batteries can store and how much electricity is produced or used. Batteries & EVs

H

HALEU fuel: HALEU, short for high-assay low-enriched uranium, is uranium enriched so that between 5% and 20% of it is the fissile isotope uranium-235. That is more concentrated than the fuel in today's power reactors, and many advanced reactor designs need it. Nuclear & Fusion
High-bandwidth memory (HBM): High-bandwidth memory (HBM) is a type of DRAM made by stacking thinned memory chips into one unit. The unit sits beside a GPU or other AI processor in the same package. This gives the processor a very wide, fast path to its data. AI Chips & Semiconductors
High-risk AI system: A high-risk AI system is an AI system that the EU AI Act subjects to strict requirements because of how it is used. Examples include use in hiring, credit scoring, education or policing, or as a safety component of a regulated product. AI Policy & Safety
Hosted payload: A hosted payload is an instrument or package of equipment, such as a sensor, communications unit or computer, that is integrated onto a host satellite. It uses the host's power, communications and other resources instead of flying on its own spacecraft. AI in Space
Human Landing System (HLS): The Human Landing System (HLS) is NASA's name for the commercially built spacecraft meant to carry Artemis astronauts from lunar orbit down to the Moon's surface and back. SpaceX and Blue Origin are each developing one. Space Tech
Humanoid robot: A humanoid robot is a machine with a human-like body, typically a torso, a head and two arms, that moves on legs or wheels. It is built to work in places designed for people. Definitions vary, so counts of humanoids vary too. Humanoid Robots
Hyperscaler: A hyperscaler is a technology company that runs computing infrastructure at very large scale. It operates fleets of large data centers to deliver cloud, internet and AI services. Alphabet, Amazon, Meta and Microsoft are among the companies the term is applied to. AI Data Centers & Power
Hypersonic missile: A hypersonic missile is a weapon that flies at least five times the speed of sound, mostly inside the atmosphere, and can maneuver on the way to its target. That mix of speed, low altitude and agility makes it hard to detect and intercept. Defense Tech & Drones

I

Inertial confinement fusion: Inertial confinement fusion is an approach to fusion that implodes a tiny capsule of hydrogen fuel, usually with powerful lasers. The implosion is so quick that the fuel fuses before it has time to fly apart. Nuclear & Fusion

K

Know Your Customer (KYC): Know Your Customer (KYC) is the set of checks a bank or other financial firm makes to detect money laundering and terrorist financing. The firm confirms who a customer is, understands how the customer will use its services and keeps that information current. AI & Jobs

L

Large language model (LLM): A large language model (LLM) is an AI system trained on very large amounts of text to predict what comes next in a sequence. Models of this kind are used to answer questions, translate text and help write computer code. AI Models
Laser inter-satellite links: Laser inter-satellite links are connections that carry data directly between satellites on narrow beams of laser light instead of radio waves. They let a constellation pass traffic from one spacecraft to the next at high data rates. AI in Space
Levels of driving automation (SAE): The SAE levels of driving automation are a six-step scale, from Level 0 to Level 5, published by SAE International in its J3016 document. The scale describes how much of the driving a vehicle system handles and what the human must still do. Robotaxis & Self-Driving
Lidar: Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a sensing method that sends out laser pulses and records the reflections to measure how far away objects are. Many such measurements combine into a three-dimensional picture of the surroundings. Robotaxis & Self-Driving
Logical qubit: A logical qubit is one unit of quantum information stored across a group of error-prone physical qubits. That way, faults in individual qubits can be detected and corrected before they spoil a calculation. Quantum Computing
Loitering munition: A loitering munition is a single-use armed drone that can circle over an area while its operator looks for a target, then dives into the target and explodes. It is often called a kamikaze or one-way attack drone. Defense Tech & Drones
Low Earth orbit (LEO): Low Earth orbit (LEO) is the region of space up to about 2,000 km (1,200 miles) above Earth's surface. The International Space Station and most satellites fly there, circling the planet roughly every 90 minutes. Space Tech

M

Mixture of experts (MoE): A mixture of experts (MoE) is an AI model design that splits part of the network into many sub-networks, called experts. For each piece of input, a router picks only a few of them, so only part of the model works at each step. AI Models
Model Context Protocol (MCP): The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard that lets AI applications connect to outside data sources and tools in a consistent way. One connector can then serve many AI assistants and agents instead of being rebuilt for each. AI Agents
Model parameters: Model parameters are the numbers inside an AI model that are set during training, known as weights and biases. They determine how the model turns an input into an output. A model's size is usually given as its parameter count. AI Models
Multi-factor authentication (MFA): Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a sign-in method that requires two or more different kinds of proof of identity. An example is a password plus a code from a phone or a fingerprint. So a stolen password alone is not enough. AI & Cybersecurity
Multimodal AI: Multimodal AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that can take in or produce more than one kind of data, such as text, images, audio and video. Such systems can relate these to one another instead of handling only one type. AI Models

N

Neural processing unit (NPU): A neural processing unit (NPU) is a chip, or a section of a larger processor, built to run the math behind AI models quickly. It is designed to use less power than a general-purpose CPU or graphics chip would need for the same work. Gadgets & Wearables
Nuclear power uprate: A nuclear power uprate is an increase in the maximum power level at which an existing reactor is licensed to run. In the United States it needs approval from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and it adds generating capacity without building a new plant. AI Data Centers & Power

O

On-device AI: On-device AI means an AI model runs on the phone, laptop or wearable itself, using that device's own chips and memory. It does not send each request to servers in a remote data center. Gadgets & Wearables
Operational design domain (ODD): An operational design domain (ODD) is the set of conditions an automated driving system is built to handle. These include the roads, speeds, weather and times of day in which it may drive. Outside those conditions the system is not designed to operate. Robotaxis & Self-Driving

P

Passkey: A passkey is a sign-in credential that replaces a password with a pair of cryptographic keys. The private key is held on the user's phone, computer or security key, is not given to the website, and is unlocked with a fingerprint, face scan or PIN. AI & Cybersecurity
Physical AI: Physical AI is artificial intelligence built into machines such as robots and self-driving vehicles. It lets them sense their surroundings, decide what to do and carry out actions in the real world. Humanoid Robots
Post-quantum cryptography: Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is encryption and digital signature technology built on math problems that both conventional and quantum computers should find hard to solve. It is meant to replace methods a quantum computer could break. Quantum Computing
Power purchase agreement (PPA): A power purchase agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract to buy electricity from a specific power plant or supplier on agreed terms. The buyer often commits for 10 to 20 years. Technology companies use PPAs to secure power for data centers. AI Data Centers & Power
Power usage effectiveness (PUE): Power usage effectiveness (PUE) is a ratio showing how much of a data center's energy reaches its computing equipment. It divides the facility's total energy use by the energy used by IT equipment, so a value closer to 1.0 means less overhead. AI Data Centers & Power
Predetermined change control plan (PCCP): A predetermined change control plan (PCCP) is a plan a medical device maker gives a regulator. It sets out future changes to a device, such as updates to an AI model, and how each will be tested. Those changes can then be made without a new review each time. AI in Medicine
Process node (chip manufacturing): A process node is the name chipmakers give to a generation of manufacturing technology, such as 3nm or 2nm. Newer nodes are meant to fit more transistors into the same area and use less energy, but the number no longer measures any physical feature of the chip. AI Chips & Semiconductors
Prompt injection: Prompt injection is an attack on AI systems built on large language models. An attacker supplies text that the model treats as an instruction, overriding what the developer or user intended it to do. AI & Cybersecurity
Protein folding: Protein folding is the process by which a chain of amino acids twists into a specific three-dimensional shape. That shape lets a protein do its job. Predicting that shape from the sequence is a central part of what scientists call the protein folding problem. AI in Biotech

Q

Quantum advantage: Quantum advantage means a quantum computer has done a specific task faster, more accurately or at lower cost than any known method on conventional computers. Stricter definitions, such as IBM's, also require that the result can be verified. Quantum Computing
Quantum error correction: Quantum error correction is a set of techniques that protects fragile quantum information by spreading it across many physical qubits. Together they act as a single, more reliable logical qubit. Quantum Computing
Qubit: A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the basic unit of information in a quantum computer. An ordinary bit is either 0 or 1, while a qubit can be 0, 1 or a mix of both at the same time. Quantum Computing

R

Radiation hardening: Radiation hardening is the practice of designing, building and testing electronics so they keep working when struck by the energetic particles found in space. Those particles can corrupt data or permanently damage ordinary chips. AI in Space
Rare-earth elements: Rare-earth elements are a group of 17 metals, scandium, yttrium and the 15 lanthanides, used in permanent magnets, catalysts and batteries. They are relatively abundant in the Earth's crust, but deposits rich enough to mine are comparatively few. US-China Tech Race
Regulatory sandbox: A regulatory sandbox is a supervised program in which a regulator lets developers test a new product or technology. Testing runs for a limited time under agreed conditions. The aim is for both sides to learn how the rules apply before the product is widely used. AI in Medicine
Reskilling and upskilling: Reskilling is training that gives a worker new skills for a different occupation or a new kind of work. Upskilling is short, targeted training that adds to or updates the knowledge and skills a person already has. AI & Jobs
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG): Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a way of building AI systems. In it, relevant documents are first retrieved from an outside source and passed to a language model. The model uses them to write its answer instead of relying only on what it learned in training. AI Models
Reusable rocket: A reusable rocket is a launch vehicle built so that all or part of it, usually the first-stage booster, returns to Earth intact and flies again. That hardware is reused instead of being thrown away after a single launch. Space Tech
Robot teleoperation: Robot teleoperation is when a person controls a robot from a distance in real time. The person uses camera and sensor feedback to guide its movements, rather than letting the robot act on its own. Humanoid Robots

S

Satellite edge computing: Satellite edge computing means processing data on board a spacecraft, close to the sensors that collect it. This lets the satellite act on the results and send down selected information instead of every raw measurement. AI in Space
Sensitivity and specificity: Sensitivity and specificity are two measures of how accurate a medical test is. Sensitivity is the share of people with a condition whom the test correctly flags. Specificity is the share of people without it whom the test correctly clears. AI in Medicine
Silicon anode battery: A silicon anode battery is a lithium-ion battery whose negative electrode, the anode, uses silicon in place of some or all of the usual graphite. Silicon can hold more lithium, so a cell can store more energy for its size and weight. Batteries & EVs
Sim-to-real transfer: Sim-to-real transfer means training a robot's control software in a computer simulation and then running it on a physical robot. The difficulty is that simulated and real conditions differ, a mismatch known as the sim-to-real gap. Humanoid Robots
Software as a medical device (SaMD): Software as a medical device (SaMD) is software that carries out a medical purpose, such as helping to diagnose or treat a disease. It works on its own, not as part of a physical medical device. It can run on general-purpose hardware such as a smartphone or an ordinary computer. AI in Medicine
Sovereign cloud: A sovereign cloud is a cloud computing service designed to keep its data, operations and technology under the legal and practical control of one jurisdiction. The European Commission measures cloud sovereignty in graded assurance levels. Sovereign AI
Space debris: Space debris is any human-made object orbiting Earth that no longer serves a useful purpose, from dead satellites and spent rocket stages to collision fragments and flecks of paint. It is also called orbital debris or space junk. Space Tech
Spatial computing: Spatial computing is a way of using computers in which apps and 3D content are placed in the space around the user and respond to the room. It usually works through a headset or glasses controlled with the eyes, hands and voice. Gadgets & Wearables
Stellarator: A stellarator is a fusion machine that confines plasma, a superheated, electrically charged gas, in a twisted ring of magnetic fields. External coils produce the fields, rather than a current in the plasma. The design is intended to run continuously. Nuclear & Fusion
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR): Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an imaging technique in which a radar instrument sends pulses of energy at the ground. The instrument combines a sequence of the returning echoes to simulate a far larger antenna. This produces detailed images day or night and through clouds. AI in Space

T

Technological unemployment: Technological unemployment is job loss that occurs when new technology lets employers produce the same output with fewer workers, faster than the economy creates new work for the people displaced. AI & Jobs
Tokamak: A tokamak is a doughnut-shaped machine that uses powerful magnetic fields to hold plasma, a superheated and electrically charged gas. It holds the plasma in place long enough for atomic nuclei to fuse and release energy. Nuclear & Fusion

V

Vacuum vessel (fusion): A vacuum vessel is the sealed steel chamber at the center of a fusion machine such as a tokamak. Air is pumped out so that the hot, charged gas called plasma can exist inside it. The fusion reactions take place there. Nuclear & Fusion
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G): Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is an arrangement in which a parked electric vehicle can send electricity from its battery back to the power grid as well as charge from it. It lets utilities draw on vehicles as a flexible source of power. Batteries & EVs
Vibe coding: Vibe coding is a way of building software by describing what is wanted to an AI tool in plain language. The person accepts the code it writes, often without reading or editing that code line by line. AI Agents
Vision-language-action model (VLA): A vision-language-action model (VLA) is an AI model that takes in camera images and a plain-language instruction. It directly outputs the movements a robot should make to carry out the task. Humanoid Robots

W

Waveguide display: A waveguide display is a thin, see-through lens that carries an image from a tiny projector to the wearer's eye. It bounces light inside the lens, so digital content appears over the real world. It is used in augmented reality glasses. Gadgets & Wearables

Z

Zero-day vulnerability: A zero-day vulnerability is a security flaw in software, hardware or firmware that attackers can exploit before the maker has released a fix. So users have no patch to install when the attacks begin. AI & Cybersecurity